Site 3 represents catena / catchment scale, i.e., the i+2 level. The site encompassed 23.7 ha and is located on the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, University of Wiscosnin-Madison. Thickness of A horizon and depth of the silty parent material were measured on a 27.4-m grid (total number of sampling points: 325). At each sampling location, samples were obtained via bucket auger and silt probe to expose the subsurface, and a tape measure to record the depths. Thickness of the A horizon and depth of the silty parent material values were only documented if found within 152 cm of the surface. Site 3 is located in Columbia County, which was buried under the Green Bay lobe during the Wisconsin glaciation. Soils were mapped as fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudolls. The native vegetation was primarily prairie grass prior to cultivation. This area has been under cultivated agriculture for approximately 150 years
We used a DEM with a horizontal resolution of 27.4 m. Point elevation data were collected with a theodolite, where vertical resolution is on the order of centimeters. Elevation values are relative, because a benchmark was used, which was arbitrarily set to 30.5 m, and all elevation points were measured relative to this benchmark. Elevations ranged from 30.46 m to 33.86 m.